對很多父母來說，網(wǎng)上曬娃的萌照是艱辛的養(yǎng)娃過程中難得的樂趣之一。
不過最近，美國女星格溫妮絲⋅帕特洛(Gwyneth Paltrow)在網(wǎng)上曬出一張自己與女兒艾坡(Apple)的同框照后，卻引發(fā)了一場父母該不該不經(jīng)孩子許可就隨意曬娃 的爭論。
這張引發(fā)爭議的曬娃照是這樣的：
(Via Instagram)
盡管艾坡的臉被太陽鏡遮了大半，可還是遭到了艾坡的抗議 ：
"Sharenting" - the act of parents sharing news and pictures of their kids online - is in the news after Gwyneth Paltrow posted a picture of her and her 14-year-old daughter Apple Martin skiing.
格溫妮絲⋅帕特洛曬出一張和她14歲女兒艾坡⋅馬丁的滑雪合照后，“曬娃”——父母在網(wǎng)上分享他們孩子的信息和照片的行為——成了新聞。
More than 150,000 people liked the picture, but Apple wasn't so impressed, writing (from her private Instagram account): "Mom we have discussed this. You may not post anything without my consent."
超過15萬網(wǎng)友給照片點了贊，卻沒有打動艾坡。她在自己的Instagram賬號上寫道：“媽媽，我們已經(jīng)討論過這個了。你不可以在沒有經(jīng)過我同意的情況下曬我的任何東西。”
Paltrow replied: "You can't even see your face!"
帕特洛回復道：“你都看不到你的臉!”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
當父母的都能理解帕特洛的這個舉動，誰不為自家的小可愛感到驕傲，想要曬一曬、求個贊 呢?
因此，許多帕特洛的粉絲都站在媽媽這一邊 ，認為作為母親，她有權(quán)分享自己女兒的照片。不過，也有網(wǎng)友認為，孩子也有自己的隱私權(quán) 。
生長于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代的孩子，從小對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)隱私保護的敏感度要比成人高得多 。不過，很多社交媒體規(guī)定，用戶注冊必須達到一定的年齡 。因此，一旦孩子可以在社交媒體上注冊自己的賬號，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的隱私和照片早已被父母鋪天蓋地地散播了出去的時候 ，有多么不爽。
BBC最近就采訪到一位名叫Konrad Iturbe的西班牙軟件開發(fā)員?，F(xiàn)年19歲的Iturbe在14歲的時候才意識到他的父母一直在網(wǎng)上曬自己的照片。
Konrad Iturbe (via BBC)
"My mother had Instagram before I even had a phone - so I wasn't aware that photos of me had been published," he told the BBC.
“在我擁有自己的手機前，我母親就有了Instagram賬號——因此，我一直都不知道她在發(fā)布我的照片，”他告訴BBC。
"I really don't like photos of me online anyway - I don't even post photos of myself on my Instagram account - so when I followed my mother and saw them on her profile, I told her to 'take this down, I've not given you permission'."
“我真的不喜歡自己的照片被放到網(wǎng)上——我自己都不在Instagram賬號上曬我的照片——因此當我關(guān)注了我母親，在她的賬號上發(fā)現(xiàn)我的照片時，我告訴她‘把它們撤下來，我沒有同意過你曬我照片’。”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
他感覺他母親的行為侵犯了他的隱私 ，而特別讓他困擾的是，他母親發(fā)了很多他小時候的照片。Iturbe并不想他小時候的照片被分享，身為軟件開發(fā)人員，他非常擔憂的是，運用面部識別算法，即便他長大了，人們也能通過他小時候的照片在網(wǎng)上追蹤到他 。
14歲的美國女孩Sonia Bokhari有著同樣的煩惱。當她發(fā)現(xiàn)她母親在臉書上曬她照片長達數(shù)年后，感到非常尷尬和深深的背叛 。
"There, for anyone to see on her public Facebook account, were all of the embarrassing moments from my childhood: the letter I wrote to the tooth fairy when I was five years old, pictures of me crying when I was a toddler, and even vacation pictures of me when I was 12 and 13 that I had no knowledge of."
“在她那個人人都能看得到的臉書賬號上，盡是我從小到大令人尷尬的時刻：我5歲時候?qū)懡o牙齒仙女的信，我還在學步時候的大哭的照片，甚至我12，13歲時候度假的照片，我都不知道她什么時候拍下的。”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
當然，也有對父母的“曬娃”行為毫不介意 的孩子。23歲的倫敦姑娘Charlotte Christy說，她的母親從她13歲開始就在臉書上曬她的照片，不過，她個人認為這種行為再正常不過了 。
Charlotte Christy (via BBC)
"I feel like we live in a society where everyone wants their photos to be really flattering - but if my mum posts an unflattering photo of me it doesn't really bother me."
“我覺得我們生活的這個社會，每個人都希望他們的照片出挑——不過，假如我媽媽曬了一張我的不怎么樣的照片，那也不會對我造成困擾。”
"I think I share photos of my mum just as much as she shares photos of me - I think it's a natural thing to share and I don't see why she should ask for my permission - she's my mum."
“我曬我媽的照片，和我媽曬我的照片一樣多——我覺得曬照片再自然不過了，我不認為她有必要征得我的許可——她是我媽媽。”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
那孩子們對父母“曬娃”行為的顧慮有沒有必要呢?
愛沙尼亞塔爾圖大學(University of Tartu)媒體研究領(lǐng)域的教授Andra Siibak就進行過多項關(guān)于“曬娃”行為的研究。
In one study involving Estonian children aged nine to 13, she found that children liked "parents sharing positive things about them", but that "there were big discrepancies between what children and parents considered to be nice photos".
在一項針對愛沙尼亞9到13歲孩子的研究中，她發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們喜歡“父母曬他們積極一面的照片”，不過，“什么樣的照片算好看，孩子和父母存在巨大分歧”。
"Children were not in favour of parents sharing unflattering visuals of them - for example, if their hair was messed up or they were wearing a dress they didn't actually like."
“孩子們不喜歡父母分享他們不討人喜歡的形象——比如，他們亂糟糟的頭發(fā)，或者他們穿著自己并不喜歡的裙子的照片”。
"In many contexts the parents would not consider those things to be a big problem, but for the pre-teens this could affect their self-image" or potentially lead to cyber-bullying.
“很多情況下，父母并不認為那樣的照片有什么大不了，但對9到13歲年齡段的孩子來說，這種照片可能影響他們的自我形象”，或者有招致網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力的潛在風險。
Another potential risk from "sharenting" is "digital kidnapping", Prof Siibak says, where strangers take publicly available photos of children, and use them for fraudulent or sexual purposes.
Siibak教授說，“曬娃”的另一個潛在風險是“數(shù)字綁架”。陌生人可以拿這些公開的孩子的照片進行欺詐或用于性目的。
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
想想也是，當父母在曬著寶寶們“出丑 ”的照片，或者萌萌的光屁股 寶寶照的時候，有沒有考慮過寶寶們的感受 呢?成人眼中的“可愛”，或許對孩子來說是一種“傷害”，才丁點大的孩子也是有自我意識和自尊心的!
因此，Siibak教授建議父母“絕對 ”應當更嚴肅地對待孩子的隱私問題。
"Just having a simple discussion that involves children on what kind of photos they like, and if it's ok to upload them, helps build a better parent-child relationship."
“只要和孩子進行簡單的討論，了解他們喜歡什么樣的照片，以及是否可以把他們的照片上傳網(wǎng)絡(luò)，就可以建立更好的親子關(guān)系。”
▲Can you stop your parents sharing photos of you online? (via BBC)
英國曾經(jīng)有一份調(diào)查顯示，英國父母每年在網(wǎng)上曬出他們5歲以下孩子的照片多達200張 。而這些公開的照片塑造的孩子形象 不見得是孩子們樂于示人的，也不見得真實地反映了孩子真正的自我。
A recent study by Nominet, which handles the UK's .uk domain name registry, found parents post nearly 200 photos of their under fives online every year.
處理英國的域名注冊的Nominet公司，最近的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國父母每年發(fā)布近200張5歲以下孩子的照片。
This means that a child will feature in about 1,000 online photos before their fifth birthday.
這就意味著，在孩子滿5歲時，他們在網(wǎng)上的照片有大約1000張。
This new norm means many children will have a powerful digital identity created by someone else.
這個新常態(tài)意味著許多孩子擁有強大的數(shù)字身份，而這個身份是別人幫他們建立的。
This process can be likened to the manufacturing of celebrity identities, where parents can potentially shape the public persona of their child in any way they want: child genius, disobedient, fashionista, fussy eater and so on.
這個過程和制造名人人設(shè)的過程相類似，父母可以以任何他們想要的方式塑造他們孩子的公眾形象：兒童天才，不聽話的小調(diào)皮，時尚小達人，挑食小鬼等等。
How do you think your own mum or dad might shape your online identity? Do you think it would be an accurate portrayal of who you are?
你怎么看你父母給你塑造的這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)形象呢?你認為他們準確地描繪了你真實的形象嗎?
▲Social media: Think again before you post those pics of your kids (via abc.net.au)
因此在法國，政府早就開始在法律上限制父母的“曬娃”行為 。
The French Government earlier this year warned parents to stop posting images of their children on social media networks.
法國政府今年早些時候警告父母，停止在社交媒體發(fā)布他們孩子的照片。
Under France's rigorous privacy laws, parents could face penalties of up to a year in prison and a fine of 45,000 euros if convicted of publicising intimate details of their children without their consent.
在法國嚴格的隱私法框架下，假如在未經(jīng)孩子許可的情況下宣傳孩子私密信息而被判刑，父母可能面臨最高1年的刑期以及45000歐元的罰款。
▲Social media: Think again before you post those pics of your kids (via abc.net.au)
而在Quora上，就有人問過孩子是如何看待他們父母在臉書和Ins上曬他們照片的問題。很多人認為，對這種行為，仁者見仁，智者見智 。
(Via Quora)
@Lipa Dempsey
My parents would always do this, without my knowledge until years later when I got my own Facebook account. Because of this I became very camera shy, and resistant to letting my parents take pictures of me.
我父母總是做這種事，我一直不知情，直到很多年后，我有了自己的臉書賬號才知道。就因為這，我變得非常害怕照相，也抵觸我父母給我照相。
However, I do have some friends who didn’t mind when their parents posted pictures of them on Facebook. Depends on the individual, but I never liked it.
不過，我確實有一些朋友不介意他們父母在臉書上曬他們的照片。這取決于個人，但我永遠不喜歡這樣。
@Kieran Wong
My parents sometimes share my photos online. They aren't the oversharing kind, though. I don't really mind, as long as they show me the photo first and get my approval.
我父母有時會在網(wǎng)上分享我的照片，但他們不是那種過分分享照片的父母。我不怎么介意，只要他們事先告知我會分享什么照片并經(jīng)過我的同意。
As long as my parents respect my wishes about whether the photo should be posted online or not, and that they don't post too many photos, I don't really matter. If I look okay in the picture, sure! If not, don’t post it.
只要我父母尊重我的意愿，事先詢問我是否可以上網(wǎng)分享我的照片，而且也不要分享太多，我真的不介意。如果我在照片上看起來不錯，當然可以分享。如果不是，那就別分享。
Besides, when I see my parent’s social media accounts, I can see how much I've grown up and the things I did in the past, and other people’s comments as well.
另外，當我看到我父母的社交媒體賬號時，我可以看到我長大了，以及我過去做過的事情，還有別人的評論。
你怎么看父母在社交媒體上的曬娃行為？ 歡迎留言分享你的觀點！
整合：Du Qiongfang
資料：BBC, abc.net.au, Quora
圖/題圖：Instagram, BBC, Quora
